LESSON FOUR QUIZ Master Sheet

#1

1. (Use workbook as reference) 
If the small intestine absorbs nutrients poorly, it’s not because it disfunctions but because there has been impairment of _____ __ _____.
Upper GI functions 

2. Arterial blood into the organs, diffused into capillaries, drawn back into a central blood vessel, which then diffuses back out into capillaries before being allowed into general circulation. What am I? __________ _________
Portal system

3. There are two of me...where are they? ___,__________/__________
Gut, hypothalamus/pituitary

4. The spleen also sends into the portal system the broken down and recyclable metabolites obtained from old ____ _____ _____.
red blood cells

5. Recycled hemoglobin, polypeptides, small starches and a variety of partially synthesized molecules derived from digestion are stored in the ____-________ of the small intestine.
sub-mucosa

6. This aids the ______ by synthesizing and storing precursors that the ______ would otherwise have to synthesize from scratch..
liver

7. Cells that specialize in protein manipulation (called hepatocytes in the liver) are also found in the ____-______ of the gut and the ____-_________ of the skin. Herbs which stimulate one group will stimulate all, making “liver” more a ______ than a literal reality.
Sub-mucosa, sub-epithelium, metaphor

[nutrient absorption review]

8. The two functional cells of the liver are ________ ______ and _________.
Kupffer cells and hepatocytes

9. Kupffer cells are ___________ that, at the moment, live in the liver
macrophages

10. The last foot of the ileum is highly specialized tissue, and contains the only absorption sites in the intestinal tract for ____, _______ ______, oil-soluble vitamins __, __ and __, bile acids and some ___s
B12, folic acid, A, D, E, EFA

11. If there is poor absorption of _____ _____, they will linger in the gut and take up the exotic absorption sites in the lower ileum, therefore blocking the absorption sites for #10.
dietary fats

12. The exhausted food (_______) now is squirted into the bottom of the cecum by the _____-_______ valve.
chyme, ileo-cecal

13. The cecum is the beginning of the ____ ______, and allows the culturing in the chyme of the _______ ______
large intestine, intestinal flora

14. The action on the chyme by the flora releases the absorbable nutrients _____ ____, ______ _ and _____ ______ ______
folic acid, Vitamin K and super oxide dismutase.

15. Further, soluble fibers are broken down by bacterial action into special free fatty acids that are the primary nutrients for feeding the ______ ______
intestinal mucosa 

16. Name some food sources of soluble fibers
Psyllium, flax seed, Chia seed, legumes, mesquite, apples, grape skins

17. Processed foods (except, perhaps, for bean dip) are virtually devoid of any _____ _______.
soluble fiber 

18. Explain why desert foods are so high in soluble fibers.
Desert plants developed complex polysaccharides in order to hold moisture in an extremely dry environment.

19. A geriatric diet of pudding pops and swanson frozen meals, devoid, as it is, of soluble fiber, can induce what colon disorders or diseases? 
Chronic erosion of the colon mucosa, polyps, hemorrhoids

20. The primary function of the colon, after fermentation, is the resorption of invested ______ _____ back into the body.
digestive juices

21. Describe the differences between the two types of lower GI deficiency.
Constipated deficiency results from poor stimulation of colon function usually due to adrenergic stress and overlooking the defecation reflex due to life stresses. Congestive deficiency results from poor fat absorption in the small intestine, resulting in dysbiosis in the colon and low-level immunologic aggravation that causes inflammation and ‘boggyness’ to the large intestine leading to ‘tooth-paste squeezings’ feces and poor evacuation.

22. Those prone to constipation nearly always ignore the _______ ________
defecation reflex

23. In adrenalin-induced constipation, you slow down peristalsis and food movement in the colon, but you do not slow down fluid ______
absorption

24. You invest up to a ______ a day of salty water (“mother ocean”) into digestive functions.
gallon

#2

1. Although we generally don’t try to suppress excesses, excess upper and lower GI can be a symptom of thyroid stress, which can be deflected with ______ and _____
Lycopus and Leonurus

2. _______ ________ _______ is basically “spasmodic asthma of the colon”
Irritable bowel syndrome

3. Excitability of _________ results in the impaired membrane permeability that induces “_______ ______” and the type of lower GI deficiency that has swollen membranes, toothpaste squeezings and flaccid muscles.
macrophages, leaky gut

Dysbiosis review and tangential tirades

Refer to the workbook and the tonic herb list

4. Rumex (yellow dock) is _____ to the intestinal membranes, a stimulant to _____ from the liver and contains overt ______ anthraquinones
astringent, bile, laxative

5. It is a long term tonic to both ______ and ______ of the colon
structure, function

6. For use with constipated deficiency, add ______ to the Rumex
licorice (Glycyrrhiza)

7. Glycyrrhiza (licorice) shifts excretory fluids from the ______ and _____ to the _____ and _____.
kidneys, skin, lungs colon

8. _____ is famous for causing a laxative habit.
Senna

9. For those with a senna habit, 10-15 _____ _____ soaked in a glass of water for 30 minutes is a preferred laxative
senna pods

#3 

Review

1. Most hemorrhoids mostly derive from ______ ________ and the shifting of impacted venous blood from the descending colon into pelvic drainage and are internal varicose veins.
portal congestion

2. Hemorrhoids usually reflect congestion; some, however, arise from profound physical activity such as ditch digging, bale-lifting and the conscious physical tone of the athlete. Hence the humorous term “_____ _______” 
jock hemmies

3. Such pelvic congestion will contribute to elevated pap smears and ______ ______ in women, ________ enlargement in men
cervical erosions, prostate

4. The two primary tonics for lower GI deficiency (congested) are _______ and _____
Rumex (yellow dock), Fouquieria (ocotillo)

5. Lower GI congestion always means unhealthy mucosa, therefore add______ _____ foods to the diet.
soluble fiber

#4

1. Half of the liver surface area is dedicated to cleansing the _____ ______, the other half is dedicated to cleansing blood from the _____ _______
portal blood, hepatic artery

2. The liver weighs ____ to ____ pounds, and takes about __% of the arterial blood.
2 1/2 to 3 1/2, 30

3. _____ ______ constricts the hepatic artery and diminishes the blood in the liver.
adrenaline stress

4. 50% of the liver volume is made up of ______, 30% _______ _____, 20% _______ _______
hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (liver macrophages), connective tissue

5. The liver can alter and change _____ _______ _____ _____ (hence the term “nonessential”), and can manufacture most of the blood proteins from various nitrogenous waste products and the like
nonessential amino acids

6. The liver can store surplus vitamins ___, ___, ___ and ____, and 24 hours worth of _______
A, D, K, B12, glucose

7. Glucose is stored as ______
glycogen

8. Glycogen is an animal starch that sort of resembles a _____ ___ ______
roll of pennies

9. The liver is also capable of forming glucose from a variety of compounds. This is called __________
gluconeogenesis

10. Glucose released by the liver feeds the brain. The brain uses ______ of the blood’s sugar, yet weighs about ____ ______ of the body.
25%, one fiftieth

11. The liver is the primary organ that breaks down ______ and _______ _______
drugs, organic toxins

12. The greatest cause for liver transplants in Great Britain is the ingestion of_______
tylenol/acetaminophen

Cytochrome P450 drug tables: CDROM 1, MEDICINE-Pathology-Treatment

13. Converting sugars into ____ is a main function of the liver. _____ are the most compact form of fuel and, when eating more calories than one needs, is the most efficient storage form.
lipids 

14. The liver is the primary source of ______, as well as the primary area for the breaking down of ______ hormones.
cholesterol, steroid

15. Every O2 molecule lifted from hemoglobin carries a charge imbalance or _______
radical 

16. The most abundant “wet blanket” or free radical binder, blocking random and chaotic binding of a radical O2 molecule, is _______
cholesterol 

17. The action on the liver by adrenaline stress and catecholamine hormones causes it to increase its synthesis and catabolism of _____
fuel, sugars, glucose

18. The action on the liver by anabolic hormones from the _____ ______ and the _____ (in both sexes) induces it to organize more cholesterol, phospholipids and building materials.
adrenal cortex, gonads 

19. Liver fluids follow three circulations: ______, ______, and _______
blood, lymph, bile

20. The small fraction of hemoglobin that cannot be recycled is excreted in the liver bile as ______ and _________. If you don’t excrete it, you get ______
bilirubin, bilivirdin, jaundiced

21. ______ and ______ acids are the two bile acids.
chenic, cholic

22. Women excrete surplus ________ into the bile; men do it poorly
cholesterol

23. Most herbs that stimulate the production of liver bile are variously irritating. _______ root is mild.
dandelion

24. ________ _____ are so abundant today that the use of bile stimulants (cholagogues), common 100 years ago, are seldom appropriate anymore.
environmental toxins, etc.

25. Solvents, alcohol and environmental aromatic hydrocarbons absorbed through the lungs or intestinal tract block liver ______ activity, thereby inducing inflammation or slowing down liver function.
enzyme

#5

Refer to the workbook and the tonic herb list

1. The liver is _______ during the day and _______ at night
catabolic, anabolic

2. It is the major source of ____ in the torso
heat

3. The liver performs, in macro, what the _____ and ______ _________ _________ does in micro in a single cell.
rough, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

4. Women tend to have more durable ____ and _____ then man do.
liver, kidneys

5. Herbs which stimulate liver metabolism (except by way of bile irritation) also stimulate the following tissues: 

skin, submucosa, bone marrow, spleen, pancreas

6. Oregon Grape stimulates, besides the liver, protein metabolism in the ______ ____ ________ and the ____
intestinal tract submucosa, skin

Liver deficiency review - Refer to the workbook

7. Most allergic people are _____ ________
liver deficient

8. Those natively liver excess can become deficient by contracting ______ or by working with _______
hepatitis, solvents

9. Those that inherit the tendency to make an excess of IGE (immunoglobulin E) also inherit the tendency to be ________
allergic.

10. Although most IGs are meant to be used for specific antigen synthesis, _____ is an all-purpose immunoglobulin that is frequently implicated in the unwarranted responses of _______
IGE, allergies.

11. The waste products, immuno-complexes, of antibody-antigen attachments, are broken down primarily in the ______.
liver

12. If you are liver deficient, this breakdown is also _______
deficient.

13. Extended presence of immuno-complexes in the bloodstream (due to liver deficiency) can trigger _________
hypersensitivities.

14. Constipation with blood sugar issues and allergies are typical symptoms on those with _____ ________
liver deficiencies

15. This can be acquired later in life through _______, ______, and working with ______
hepatitis, heavy alcohol use, solvents

16. Liver deficiency frequently is found in those folks that use adrenaline stress. This is innate strength and should not be _______, but rather deflected with tonics.
suppressed

17. Most chronic disease derives from ________ ______
unreconcilable stress

Stress Review

#6

Refer to the workbook and the tonic herb list

1. Best and first tonics for liver deficiencies are _______ and ______ _____ ______ 
Barberry (Berberis), Oregon Grape Root (Mahonia)

2. To stimulate through increasing bile secretion, use _______ ________ (Pleurisy Root) with perhaps a touch of Blue Flag (Iris versicolor and friends)
Asclepias tuberosa

3. For a lipid-specific liver tonic, use ______ and _______
Fouquieria, Rumex

4. Tonics for circulatory-impaired liver deficiency are _______ ______ (_______ _____) and _________ (_______ ____)
Indian Root (Aristolochia watsonii) Zanthoxylum (Prickly Ash)

5. Liver deficiency needs shifts in the diet. You need to move from a yinnie, fuel dominated diet to one higher in proteins and fats. Start the person on liver tonic herbs, wait a few days, then add _____ ______ ______
more complex foods

6. If this strategy is well timed and appropriate, the person starts to _____ more complex foods
crave

7. If they are coming from a very restricted diet, be sure to add some ____ ______
Iris versicolor (Blue Flag)

8. In anabolic stress, your liver will tend to produce glucose from storage, while _____ what you just ate.
storing

Review

9. Liver excess usually accompanies ______ excess and ________ excess.
kidney, circulatory

10. In the field, folks that stay in the sun tend to be liver _______, those that stay in the shade tend to be liver ______.
deficient, excess

11. In liver excess, diminishing ____ and ______ in the diet is the first step
fats, proteins

12. For a liver excess person, a trip to the salad bar is an excuse to eat ______ _____
______
blue cheese dressing

13. Lacking a true menopause, men remain dependent on ______ and ______ to retain health in old age
somatotropin, testosterone

14. After dietary changes, you may add _______ or _______ as excess tonics.
Dandelion, Burdock