LESSON ONE QUIZ Master Sheet

#1

1. Increased H+ does what to the pH?
lowers it

2. Increased OH does what to the pH?
raises it

3. Body fluids are generally what range of pH?
7.1-7.4

4. -ose is a suffix for what group of substances?
sugars

5. What substance is the main serum result of carbohydrate and sugar digestion?
glucose

6. Enzymes are ___, control ____, and have what suffix?
proteins, reactions, -ase

7. Amino acids you can synthesize from other amino acids are called____?
nonessential

8. Amino acids you can not synthesize from other amino acids are called____.
essential

9. Carbohydrates break down to ____, proteins break down to ____, lipids break down  to ____ and ____.
sugars, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids

10. Endocytosis can be separated into ____ and ____.
pinocytosis, phagocytosis

11. Impaired Krebs cycle may induce tiredness in what three closely related metabolic disorders?
fibromyalgia, CFS, multiple chemical sensitivities.

#2

1. Phospholipids can interface with both ____ and ____.
water, lipids/fats

2, A glycoprotein contains a ____ and a ____
protein, sugar

3. Two common oil supplements high in Omega 3 oils are ___ and ___.
fish, flax

4. A gas becomes equally distributed in a space by ____.
diffusion

5. Salts or sugars evenly distribute themselves in fluid across membranes by ____.
osmosis

6. Water less salty than the body is called ___. Water more salty than the body is called ____. Water of the same salinity as the body is called ____.
hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

7. The sodium/potassium pump uses ____ as a source of energy (active transport) to exchange ___ atoms of sodium for __ atoms of potassium across the cell membrane.
ATP, 3, 2

8. Sodium dominates ____the cell, potassium dominates ____ the cell.
outside, inside

9. The sodium/potassium pump induces a ____ charge on the outside of the membrane and a _____ charge on the inside. This produces a ____ membrane.
positive, negative, charged

10. ____ occurs when the sodium pump reverses the membrane charges.
depolarization

11., ____ occurs when the potassium pump returns the charges back to positive outside and negative inside.
repolarization

12. Afterwards, the ____ ____ ____normalizes the resultant electrolyte imbalance.
sodium/potassium pump

13. What is the primary or most obvious reason from all this fussy stuff with pumps and charge shifting and everything.
generation of nerve impulses

#3

1. Define superior and inferior
toward the head, away from the head

2. Define anterior and posterior
toward the front of the body,toward the back of the body

3. Define lateral and medial and intermedial
away from the midline of the body, toward the midline of the body, between the medial and the lateral

4. Define proximal and distal
closer to the torso, away from the torso

5. Define superficial and deep
closer to the surface of the body, away from the surface of the body

6. The primary organs of the urinary tract are ____, ____, ____ and the ____.
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

7. Kidney deficiency does what to the urine volume and what to blood pressure
increases, lowers

8. Kidney excess does what to the urine volume and what to the blood pressure
decreases, raises

9. Kidney deficient people, when standing up, tend to suffer what condition
orthostatic hypotension

10. Kidney excess people, when standing up, tend to suffer what condition
orthostatic hypertension

11. Most Americans are deficient in what important mineral?
magnesium

12. The suffix -itis signifies ____.
inflammation

13. The four cardinal signs of inflammation are ____, ____, ____, and ____.
swelling, redness, heat, pain

#4

1. What are the three advantages of the sodium/potassium pump transferring charge to the outside of the cell? 
Bioelectricity, cotransport, osmotic stability

2. Application of an appropriate electrical charge to nerves opens up__  __  __  __ or __  __  __  __
voltage regulated sodium gates or voltage regulated sodium channels

3. The influx of sodium induces a ___ charge on the inside of the membrane
positive

4. This induces activity of the ___ ___ until the charge on the outside of the membrane is ___
potassium pumps, positive

5. Sodium pump activity results in the membrane becoming ____. The potassium pump results in the membrane becoming ____.
depolarized, repolarized

6. When a nerve passes an impulse too easily it is said to have a ____ _____
low threshold 

7. The myelin sheath is ___ and ___ to the nerve and makes the impulse ____
protective, insulating, quicker 

8. Voltage regulated ____ _____ stimulate the pre-synaptic release of ____-____
calcium channels , neuro-transmitters

9. Applying Aconite to a superficial nerve causes it to ____, with causes it to become less ____.
hyperpolarize, sensitive. 

10. Anti-seizure medicines deplete ____ ____
folic acid

11. The neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to ____ ____
receptor sites 

12. Serotonin is made from ____ and ____
tryptophan, B6 

13. Melatonin is made from ___
serotonin 

14. ____ nerves go to the brain, ____ nerves come from the brain
afferent, efferent

15. Voluntary nerves are called ____, involuntary nerves are called ____
somatic, autonomic 

16. New referred visceral pain is at first interpreted as pain in the skin or the appropriate ____
dermatomes 

17. The autonomic nervous system is divided into ____ and ____
sympathetic, parasympathetic 

18. Sympathetic nerves involve a ___ __ ____response. Parasympathetic nerves involve a ___ __ _____ response
flight or fight, rest and repair  

19. In sympathetic dominance, your pupils ____, your vision is ___, your nasal glands ____,  tears and saliva __ __, digestive juices __ __, your heart beats ____, and gets more ___, the bronchi are ____, the GI  lumen gets ___, the sphincters ____, peristalsis ___, ___ ___ is released from the liver, bile secretions ____, kidneys ___ output, your spleen ___, blood pressure ____, blood vessels ____, the blood is particularly shunted to the ____, ____, ____ and _____ _____, blood ___ faster, you ___ metabolism increases, you hair ___ __ ___, skeletal muscles get ___, 
dilate, far, vasoconstrict, dry up, dry up, faster, blood, dilated, bigger, contract, stops, blood sugar, decrease, decrease, contracts, increases, contract, [brain, heart, lungs and skeletal muscles], clots, basal, stands on end, stronger 

20. Adrenergic (flight or fight) sweat occurs on the ___, ___, ____, ____ and from the ____ ____.
face, hands, feet, neck, apocrine glands

#5

1. The divisions of the autonomic nervous system are ____ and ____
sympathetic, parasympathetic 

2. A fight-or-fight response heavily envolves the ____ nervous system
sympathetic 

3. The Krebs cycle is ____ in sympathetic stress
increased 

4. The breakdown of fats and oils is called ______
lypolysis 

5. A preganglionic sympathic neuron is ____ and embedded in the ____ ____
short, spinal chord 

6. The preganglionic parasympathic neuron is ____, the postganglionic neuron is ____
long, short  

7. The tenth cranial nerve is called the ____
vagus or pneumogastric. 

8. Parasympathetic nerves have ___ divergence, sympathetic nerves have ____ divergence,
little, great 

9. The neurotransmitter that activates parasympathetic synapses is _____
acetylcholine 

10. A cholinergic neuron secretes _____ as a neurotransmitter
acetylcholine 

11. After acetylcholine activates the receptors sensitive to it, it is broken down or “erased” by _____
acetylcholinesterase 

12. Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system secrete ____, postganglionic neurons secrete ______
acetylecholine, norepinephrine  

13. A neuron that secretes norepinephrine (also called noradrenalin) is called an ____ nerve.
adrenergic 

14. MAO inhibitor means a ____ ____ _____ inhibitor
monoamine oxidase  

15 An MAO inhibitor helps control the release of _____
norepinephrine.

16. COMT means __________.norepn
catechol-o-methyltransferase 

17. COMT controls ______
catecholamines 

18. The caecholamine neurotransmitters are ____, ____, ____, and ____
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

19. The purpose of the small intestine is to____________
break foods down sequentially for absorption by the small intestine 

20. Most of the fats in the diet are absorbed into the ____ system
lymph.

21. The little fingers that absorb fats ino the lymph vessels are called ____
lacteals 

22. Organized lymph-processed lipids are transported in the blood as _____
chylomicrons  

23. The outside rind of a chylomicron are charged phospholipids and cholestrerol: inside the chylomicron are ____
triglycerides  

24.Lipids in the blood ___ the blood charge.
lower  

25. Cholesterol quenches ____ ____
free radicals  

26. The white matter in the brain is ____
cholesterol

27. Adrenalin stress folks tend to crave ____.
sugar 

28. Anabolic stress folks tend to crave ____
fats  

29. Butterfats are digested in the ____, and do not need ___ to digest.
stomach, bile 

#6

1. Sympathomimetics stimulate the ____ nervous system
sympathetic  

2. Parasympathomimetics stimulate the _____ system
parasympathetic  

3. Anticholinergics inhibit the ______ nervous system
parasympathetic

4. In actual practice, anticholinergics are mostly used to relax the ____ _____
intestinal tract  

5. _____ stimulus increases far vision
sympathetic   

6. _____ stimulus increases near vision
parasympathic  

7. Pupil dilation is caused by the ___ ___ muscle and is induced by _____ function.
iris dilator, sympathetic  

8. Pupil contriction is caused by the ___ muscle and is induced by _____ function
radial, parasympathetic  

9. Ciliary ganglia are controlled by the ______ nervous system
parasympathetic  

10. The superior cervical ganglion is controlled by the _____ nervous system
sympathetic 

11. The most common agent to dilate pupils is ____
atropine  

12. Atropine is derived from what plant?
Atropa belladona or belladona  

13. The plant and the alkaloid are classed as _____ drugs.
anticholinergic  

14. Taking ____ act as decongestants.
adrenergics  

15.  A common adrenergic or sympathomimetic drug taken as a decongestant is ______.
pseudoephedrine  

16. Dysbiosis is a disruption of the nature of the intestinal ___
flora  

17. The main cause of dysbiosis is malabsorption of ___
fats  

18. The gall bladder is embryologic ____ tissue
colon 

19. Fat in the feces is called ______
steatorrhea  

20. If you don’t eat breakfast, your ___ _____ will not evacuate
gall bladder